Who draws the line
Different bodies, different tests, different purposes — and no reason their answers must agree.
Reads as a businessReads as employmentCuts both waysDepends where you are
Four factors, and no total. Every bar is the same length: the side is the claim, the size is not. The section that will not give you an answer, because nothing general can.
Who Actually Decides
No single authority rules on what an arrangement is; several bodies may form a view, each for its own purpose, and nothing obliges them to agree.
The Tests, and Why They Disagree
Every system deciding these questions has built a test, no two are identical, and the shared factors are weighted differently enough to give other answers.
What the Paperwork Is Worth
A well-drafted agreement is worth having and is not the answer, because what the parties actually did outweighs what they called it in most systems.
Reviewing an Arrangement You Already Have
An arrangement that has run for years will have moved, the movement is invisible from inside, and only somebody deliberately looking will surface it.
When the Rules Change Under You
This is among the most actively changing areas of law, and an arrangement set up correctly five years ago may not be correct now without anybody altering it.
What a Reclassification Actually Means
Being told an arrangement was not what you called it has consequences running backwards as well as forwards, and the backwards part is hard to size.
What Managing at Arm's Length Teaches
Every instrument that makes work easier to run moves the arrangement toward the thing you said it was not, and the answer is to choose rather than to drift.